Table of content for this page
Working electrode and accessories
Introduction Our electrodes used for electrochemical
measurements such as CV, LSV , DPV and so on are compact and easy
enough to be polished by yourself. Remove the cap covering the
electrode, and check its surface prior to the first use. Carbon
paste electrode is available in the form of carbon paste which user
packs into a shallow well in the electrode holder supplied by us.
Other electrodes are polished to immediate use. These electrodes are
encapsulated in PEEK* - solid, well inert against solvent. Table of
material inertness to solvents is shown below. However, long-term
immersion in tetrahydrofuran or using under higher temperature which
exceeds the temperature coefficient between plastic and electrode
material might be a cause of crack. O-ring enables a position of an
electrode to be adjusted in the voltammetry cell.
Potential Window of Pt, Hg, Carbon electrodes in aqueous
solution The figure below shows the appropriate materials of
the electrodes to research at some potential range. To analyze the redox activity of a substance dissolved in a kind of aqueous
electrolyte with certain pH, it is indispensable to consider about
electrode's hydrogen over, oxygen over voltage and dissolution
potential.
Working electrode selection
Choice of working electrode is a vital
component for experiment
Redox potential of molecule under research have to fall in
the potential window over which the background current due
to the electrode itself must not disturb the experiment.Pt (Platinum) and Au (Gold) electrodes
- applied to organic or inorganic substances measurement
because they have high overpotential for oxygen evolution
and low overpotential for hydrogen evolution.
Hg (Mercury) electrode - well suited to measure
reduction of metal ions because of its high overpotential
for hydrogen evolution. Hg electrode can easily observe the
reduction of Zn.
At the measurement with non-aqueous solvent,
hydrogen/oxygen overpotential does not affect. Instead of
that, decomposition potential of the non-aqueous solvent and
supporting electrolyte comes to an important factor.
Furthermore, impurity of water in non-aqueous solvent makes
the potential window narrower depending on the quantity of
the water. |
 |
Advantages of using Microelectrodes for CV measurement
- Little distortion from dissipation in potential or
electrification flow
- Combination of PC enables to process at high sweep rate
- Analyzable short-lived intermediate in electrode reaction
- Mearsurable without support electrolyte
- Excellent measuring accuracy because of little influence of
noise arising from electrification flow
- Smooth diffusion enough to obtain stationary state
|
Figure in right : the result of detection of a chemical
product in subsequent reaction. By the faster sweep at
104
V/S, the peak (which is shown when the short-lived
intermediate is reduced into the former substance) can
be observed before the intermediate vanishes. |
vsAg_Ag+.jpg) |
Variety, Features and Shapes of Working electrodes
|
Variety of Working Electrodes |
Features and Applications |
Platinum electrode
(PTE) |
Conventional electrode,
which has hydrogen adsorptive wave, used for H2O2
and oxides detection |
Gold electrode
(AUE) |
Conventional electrode,
which has no hydrogen adsorption wave, used for thiols
detection |
Glassy carbon electrode
(GCE) |
Chemically stable
electrode despite its relatively large over-potentials of
oxygen and hydrogen evolutions |
Silver electrode
(AGE) |
For cyanide and sulfide
detection |
Carbon paste electrode
(CPE) |
Mixed with enzyme etc.
to make modified electrodes |
Nickel electrode
(NIE) |
Chemically modified to
detect amino acids |
Palladium electrode
(PDE) |
Used to study the
process of adsorption and desorption of hydrogen |
Plastic formed carbon
electrode
(PFCE) |
Its highly-oriented
graphite edge is exposed to the surface with cost effective,
similar feature of HOPG |
List of available working electrodes and accessories
Gauze Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Mesh
size |
Electrode
size |
|
A-002250 |
Platinum gauze electrode |
PEEK |
80 mesh |
25 x 35 mm |
|
A-002251 |
Gold gauze electrode |
PEEK |
100 mesh |
25 x 35 mm |
Glassy Carbon Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002417 |
GCE Glassy Carbon electrode |
PEEK |
10 mm |
5 mm |
|
A-002012 |
GCE Glassy carbon electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
| A-012297 |
GCE Glassy carbon electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002411 |
GCE Glassy carbon electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1 mm |
| A-012298 |
GCE Glassy carbon electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002412 |
SGCE Glassy Carbon electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1 mm |
|
A-002002 |
MCE Micro Carbon fiber electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
33 µm |
|
A-002007 |
MCE Micro Carbon fiber electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
7 µm |
Gold Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002418 |
AUE Gold electrode |
PEEK |
10 mm |
5 mm |
|
A-002421 |
AUE Gold electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
|
A-002014 |
AUE Gold electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002314 |
SAUE Gold electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002010 |
MAUE Micro gold electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
100 µm |
|
A-002004 |
MAUE Micro gold electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
25 µm |
|
A-002006 |
MAUE Micro gold electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
10 µm |
Platinum Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002420 |
PTE Platinum electrode |
PEEK |
10 mm |
5 mm |
|
A-002422 |
PTE Platinum electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
|
A-002013 |
PTE Platinum electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002313 |
SPTE platinum electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002009 |
MPTE Micro Platinum electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
100 µm |
|
A-002003 |
MPTE Micro Platinum electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
25 µm |
|
A-002015 |
MPTE Micro platinum electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
15 µm |
|
A-002005 |
MPTE Micro Platinum electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
10 µm |
Silver Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002416 |
AGE Silver electrode |
PEEK |
10 mm |
5 mm |
|
A-002419 |
AGE Silver electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
|
A-002011 |
AGE Silver electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002315 |
SAGE Silver electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1.6 mm |
Nickel Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002016 |
NIE Nickel electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.5 mm |
|
A-002273 |
MNIE Micro Nickel electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
100 µm |
Graphite Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002252 |
Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode
(Basal Plane) |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
|
A-002253 |
Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode
(Edge Plane) |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
|
A-002408 |
PFCE 3 Carbon electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
|
A-002409 |
PFCE 1 Carbon electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1 mm |
|
A-011854 |
SPFCE Carbon electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1 mm |
Palladium Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002019 |
PDE Palladium electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002319 |
SPDE Palladium electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1.6 mm |
Iron Electrode and Copper Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002018 |
FEE Iron electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.5 mm |
|
A-002017 |
CUE Copper electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
1.6 mm |
|
A-002271 |
MCUE Micro copper electrode |
Glass |
4 mm |
25 µm |
Carbon Electrode
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Isolation |
Outside diameter |
Inside diameter |
|
A-002210 |
CPE Carbon paste electrode |
PEEK |
6 mm |
3 mm |
|
A-002223 |
SCPE carbon paste electrode |
PEEK |
3 mm |
1.6 mm |
All electrodes are developped for utilization at normal
temperature and pressure.
Counter electrodes
Please select suitable Counter electrode according to
your application and budget.
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
A-002222 |
Pt Counter Electrode for VC-2 |
|
A-002233 |
Pt Counter Electrode for VC-3 |
|
A-002234 |
Pt Counter Electrode (coiled) |
Reference electrodes
Reference electrodes are widely used as for
electrochemical measurements (CV, LSV, DPV, etc.) and
electrochemical devices (electrochemical detectors for HPLC,
electrochemical biosensor, etc... Various kinds such as
aqueous, nonaqueous, calomel and own-constructing types are
available.
Warning: Vycor glass diameter was changed from 3.2 mm to
2.85 mm.
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Length (mm) |
OD (mm) |
Liquid Conjunction Tip |
Configuration of Electrode |
|
Ag/AgCl type |
|
A-012167 |
RE-1B Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
70 |
6 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/AgCl/NaCl |
|
A-012168 |
RE-1S Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
40 |
4.5 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/AgCl/NaCl |
|
A-012169 |
RE-3V Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
48 |
10 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/AgCl/NaCl |
| Ag/Ag+ type |
| A-012171 |
RE-7 Non Aqueous reference electrode |
70 |
6 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/Ag+/ACN/TBAP |
| A-012172 |
RE-7S Non Aqueous reference electrode |
40 |
4.5 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/Ag+/ACN/TBAP |
| A-012173 |
RE-7V Non Aqueous reference electrode |
48 |
10 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/Ag+/ACN/TBAP |
| A-012174 |
RE-7VP Non Aqueous reference electrode |
48 |
10 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/Ag+/ACN/TBAP |
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Length (mm) |
OD(mm) |
Liquid Conjunction Tip |
Configuration of Electrode |
|
Ag/AgCl type |
|
A-002058 |
RE-1C Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
90 |
6 |
Ceramic |
Ag/AgCl/KCl |
|
Calomel type |
|
A-002056 |
RE-2B Calomel reference electrode |
90 |
6 |
Ceramic |
Calomel |
|
Hg type |
|
A-002057 |
RE-2C reference electrode |
90 |
6 |
Ceramic |
Hg/Hg2SO4 |
|
A-011503 |
RE-6H reference electrode Kit available in alkaline
solution |
90 |
6 |
Ceramic |
Hg/HgO/1 M
NaOH |
Applications
RE-1B - Ag/Cl
Reference electrode for CV
RE-1S - Ag/Cl Reference electrode
for SECM
RE-1C - Ag/Cl Saturated KCl
Reference electrode
RE-3V - Ag/Cl Reference electrode
applied to Flow cell
RE-7 - Ag/Ag+ Reference electrode for CV of Non-Aqueous solvent
RE-7S - Ag/Ag+ Reference electrode for SECM
RE-7V - Ag/Ag+ Reference electrode applied to Flow cell
RE-2B - Available as a standard
electrode of reference electrodes
RE-2C - Reference electrode free
from chloride ion
RE-6H - Reference electrode kit
available in alkaline solution |
Reference Electrode potentials at 25 °C
| NHE(Normal Hydrogen Electrode) |
0mV |
| SCE(Saturated Calomel Electrode) |
241mV |
| SSCE(Sodium Saturated Calomel Electrode) |
236mV |
| Ag/AgCl(Saturated KCl) |
199mV |
| Hg/Hg2SO4(Saturated K2SO4) |
640mV |
RE-2C Reference Electrode [Catalog No. A-010385]
| Developed for the sake of eliminating any influence of chloride ion from
measurements. Consists of mercury, mercury sulfate and saturated potassium
sulfate solution.
Hg2SO4 + 2e = 2Hg + SO42- E0 =
650 mV vs NHE (25°C) |
 |
| A-002056 RE-2B
Calomel Reference electrode |
A-002058 RE-1C
Silver - silver chloride reference
electrode |
Hg2Cl2
+ 2e = 2Hg +2Cl-
E0
= 241 mV
vs NHE (25 °C) |
AgCl + e = Ag+
+ Cl-
E0
= 199 mV
vs NHE (25 °C) |
| RE-2B Calomel Reference electrode
and RE-1C Silver - silver chloride
reference electrode have the same
shape as RE-2C. |
Supporting Electrolyte
Supporting electrolyte is indispensable in
electrochemistry. Following terms should be taken into
account to choose adequate one for your application:
- Soluble enough in solvent
- The potential window is wide
- No reaction with solvent and sample
Common Support Electrolyte using for organic solvent:
- TMAP: Tetramethylammonium perchlorate
- TBAF: Tetrabutylammonium fluorophosphate
- etc.
In addition to our range of electrodes, big size electrodes
are available for use with
large cell
vials (80 mL and more).
Metal working
electrodes - king size
Bio-Logic proposes metal electrodes to be used as working
electrodes in an electrochemical cell. Most of these electrodes are
platinum based.
Drawing
No. |
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
1 |
R-XM110 |
Platinum electrode wire 1 mm diam (for
voltammetry)
Length: 80 mm; OD: 8 mm |
| 2 |
R-XM120 |
Platinum
electrode plate 5 mm by 5 mm (for voltammetry)
Length: 120 mm; OD: 8 mm |
| 3 |
R-XM140 |
Platinum
electrode plate 8 mm by 8 mm (for voltammetry)
Length: 80 mm; OD: 8 mm |
| 4 |
R-XM150 |
Platinum
electrode disk 10 mm diam (for voltammetry)
Length: 120 mm; OD: 12 mm |
| 5 |
R-M291C |
Glassy
Carbon electrode rod 3 mm diam (for voltammetry)
Length: 103 mm; OD: 8 mm |
Metal working electrodes are provided with a screw head. The
connection cable and optional conical rings are sold separately.
Please select in the following list:
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
R-A94L111 |
Short connection cable for Screw cap
Electrode
Length: 10 cm with 2 mm banana plug |
| R-CL111 |
Long
connection cable for Screw cap Electrode
Length: 1 m with 4 mm banana plug |
| R- X31M012 |
12 mm OD
conical rings for 8 mm OD electrodes (4 pieces) |
Reference
electrodes - king size
Drawing
No. |
Catalog No. |
Description |
Use |
|
1 |
R-XR300 |
Ag/AgCl reference electrode Sat KCl
Length: 120 mm; OD: 8 mm |
CV |
| 2 |
R-XR820 |
Ag/AgCl
reference electrode
Length: 160 mm; OD: 8 mm |
EIS |
| 3 |
R-REF921 |
Calomel
Reference electrode non aqueous (LiCl)
Length: 103 mm; OD: 7,5 mm |
General
purpose |
| 4 |
R-XR110 |
Calomel
Reference electrode in KCl sat
Length: 80 mm; OD: 8 mm |
CV |
| 5 |
R-REF621 |
Hg/HgSO4
reference electrode in sat K2SO4
Length: 103 mm; 8 mm |
Chloride
free |
| 6 |
R-XR200 |
Hg/HgSO4
reference electrode in sat K2SO4
Length: 120 mm; OD: 8 mm |
CV |
| 7 |
R- XR400 |
Hg/HgO
reference electrode in 0,1M KOH
Length: 120 mm; OD 8 mm |
CV |
Reference electrodes are provided with a screw head. The
connection cable and optional conical rings are sold separately.
Please select in the following list:
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
R-A94L111 |
Short connection cable for Screw cap
Electrode
Length: 10 cm with 2 mm banana plug |
| R-CL111 |
Long
connection cable for Screw cap Electrode
Length: 1 m with 4 mm banana plug |
| R- X31M012 |
12 mm OD
conical rings for 8 mm OD electrodes (4 pieces) |
Salt bridge junctions for reference electrodes
Drawing
No. |
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
1 |
R-AL100 |
Salt bridge junction ceramic
Length: 70 mm; OD: 12 mm |
| 2 |
R-AL110 |
Salt bridge
junction ceramic
Length: 250 mm; OD: 8 mm |
| 3 |
R-AL210 |
Salt bridge
junction ceramic with reverse sleeve (non aqueous)
Length: 138 mm; OD: 8 mm |
| 4 |
R-AL120 |
Salt bridge
junction ceramic
Length: 138 mm; OD: 8 mm |
|
