Working electrode and accessories
Potential Window of Pt, Hg, Carbon electrodes in aqueous
solution The figure below shows the appropriate materials of
the electrodes to research at some potential range. To analyze the
redox activity of a substance dissolved in a kind of aqueous
electrolyte with certain pH, it is indispensable to consider about
electrode's hydrogen over, oxygen over voltage and dissolution
potential.
Working electrode selection
Choice of working electrode is a vital
component for experiment
Electrical chemical reactions should be observed at a wide
potential range without influence arises from the electrode
itself. Beside that, chemical species' reaction potential
have to fall in the potential window of the electrode.
Pt(Platinum) and Au (Gold) electrodes - applied to
organic or inorganic substances measurement because they
have high over potential for oxygen evolution and low over
potential for hydrogen evolution.
Hg(Mercury) electrode - well suited to measure
reductionraction because of its high over potential for
hydrogen evolution. Hg electrode also can observe the
reduction reaction of Zn(zinc) specifically in contrast to
other electrodes which would hidden by hydrogen generation.
At the measurement with non-aqueous solvent,
hydrogen/oxygen over potential does not affect. Instead of
that, decomposition potential of the non-aqueous solvent and
support electrolyte comes to an important factor.
Furthermore, commingling of water with the non-aqueous
solvent makes the potential window narrower by the quantity
of the water. |
 |
Advantages of using Microelectrodes for CV measurement
- Little distortion from dissipation in potential or
electrification flow
- Combination of PC enables to process at high sweep rate
- Analyzable short-lived intermediate in electrode reaction
- Measurable without support electrolyte
- Excellent measuring accuracy because of little influence of
noise arise from electrification flow
- Diffusion is smooth enough to obtain stationary state
|
Figure in right : the result of detection of a chemical
product in subsequent reaction.
By the fast sweep at 104V/S,
the peak (which is shown when the
short-lived intermediate is
reduced into the former
substance) can be observed before the intermediate
vanishes. |
vsAg_Ag+.jpg) |
Variety, Features and Shapes of Working electrodes
|
Variety of Working Electrodes |
Features and Applications |
|
Platinum electrode (PTE) |
Conventional electrode, which has hydrogen adsorptive wave, used for H2O2 and oxides detection |
|
Gold electrode (AUE) |
Conventional electrode, which has no hydrogen adsorption wave, used for thiols detection |
|
Glassy carbon electrode (GCE) |
Chemically stable electrode despite its relatively large over-potentials of oxygen and hydrogen evolutions |
|
Silver electrode (AGE) |
For cyanide and sulfide detection |
|
Carbon paste electrode (CPE) |
Mixed with enzyme etc. to make modified electrodes |
|
Nickel electrode (NIE) |
Chemically modified to detect amino acids |
|
Palladium electrode (PDE) |
Used to study the process of adsorption and desorption of hydrogen |
|
Plastic formed carbon electrode (PFCE) |
Its highly-oriented graphite edge is exposed to the surface with cost effective, similar feature of HOPG |
List of available working electrodes and accessories
|
Catalogue No. |
Description of Product |
Designation |
Size |
|
A-010241 |
Platinum electrode |
PTE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010415 |
Small type Platinum electrode |
SPTE |
OD:3mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010242 |
Glassy Carbon electrode |
GCE |
OD:6mm |
ID:3.0mm |
|
A-010243 |
Glassy Carbon electrode |
GCE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.0mm |
|
A-010422 |
Glassy Carbon electrode |
GCE |
OD:10mm |
ID:5.0mm |
|
A-010420 |
Small type Glassy Carbon electrode |
SGCE |
OD:3mm |
ID:1.0mm |
|
A-010375 |
Gold electrode |
AUE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010416 |
Small type Gold Electrode |
SAUE |
OD:3mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010418 |
Plastic Formed Carbon Electrode-3* |
PFCE-3 |
OD:6mm |
ID:3.0mm |
|
A-010419 |
Plastic Formed Carbon Electrode-1 * |
PFCE-1 |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.0mm |
|
A-010409 |
Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode (Basal Plane) |
PGE |
OD:6mm |
ID:3.0mm |
|
A-010410 |
Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode (Edge Plane) |
PGE |
OD:6mm |
ID:3.0mm |
|
A-010374 |
Silver Electrode |
AGE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010395 |
Carbon Paste Electrode |
CPE |
OD:6mm |
ID:3.0mm |
|
A-010235 |
Nickel Electrode |
NIE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.5mm |
|
A-010236 |
Copper Electrode |
CUE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010586 |
Iron Electrode |
FEE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.5mm |
|
A-010231 |
Palladium Electrode |
PDE |
OD:6mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010417 |
Small size Palladium Electrode |
SPDE |
OD:3mm |
ID:1.6mm |
|
A-010397 |
Small size Carbon Paste Electrode |
SCPE |
OD:3mm |
ID: 1.6mm |
|
A-010407 |
Platinum Gauze Electrode |
|
80mesh |
35×25mm |
|
A-010408 |
Gold Gauze Electrode |
|
100mesh |
35×25mm |
|
A-010371 |
Micro Platinum Electrode |
MPTE |
OD:4mm |
ID:10μm |
|
A-010376 |
Micro Platinum Electrode |
MPTE |
OD:4mm |
ID:15μm |
|
A-010369 |
Micro Platinum Electrode |
MPTE |
OD:4mm |
ID:25μm |
|
A-010373 |
Micro Platinum Electrode |
MPTE |
OD:4mm |
ID:100μm |
|
A-010370 |
Micro Gold Electrode |
MAUE |
OD:4mm |
ID:25μm |
|
A-010372 |
Micro Gold Electrode |
MAUE |
OD:4mm |
ID:10μm |
|
A-010587 |
Micro Gold Electrode |
MAUE |
OD:4mm |
ID:100μm |
|
A-010232 |
Micro Carbon Fiber Electrode |
MCFE |
OD:4mm |
ID:7μm |
|
A-010368 |
Micro Carbon Fiber Electrode |
MCFE |
OD:4mm |
ID:33μm |
|
A-010412 |
Micro Copper Electrode |
MCUE |
OD:4mm |
ID:25μm |
|
A-010347 |
Vycor glass rod type |
|
OD:3mm |
length:10cm |
|
A-010348 |
Vycor glass tube type |
|
ID:5.9mm,OD:7mm length:10cm |
Plastic Formed Carbon Electrode (PFCE) is created from a
collaboration of MITSUBISHI PENCIL CO., LTD and National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST).
Reference electrodes
Reference electrodes are widely used as for
electrochemical measurements (CV, LSV, DPV etc.) and
electrochemical devices (electrochemical detectors for HPLC,
electrochemical biosensor etc.). Various kinds of them such
as aqueous, nonaqueous, calomel and own-constructing types
are available.
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Length(mm) |
OD(mm) |
Liquid Conjunction Tip |
Configuration of Electrode |
|
Applications |
|
A-010248 |
RE-1B Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
70 |
6 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/AgCl/NaCl |
|
Ag/AgCl Reference electrode for CV |
|
A-010596 |
RE-1S Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
40 |
4 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/AgCl/NaCl |
|
Ag/AgCl Reference electrode for SECM |
|
A-010386 |
RE-1C Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
90 |
6 |
Ceramics |
Ag/AgCl/KCl |
|
Ag/AgCl/Saturated KCl Reference electrode |
|
A-010298 |
RE-3V Silver - silver chloride reference electrode |
48 |
10 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/AgCl/NaCl |
|
Ag/AgCl Reference electrode applied to Flow cell |
|
A-010385 |
RE-2C Reference electrode |
90 |
6 |
Ceramics |
Hg/Hg2SO4 |
|
Reference electrode, free from influence of chloride ion |
|
A-010244 |
RE-2B Caromel Reference electrode |
90 |
6 |
Ceramics |
Caromel |
|
Available as a standard electrode of reference electrodes |
|
A-012042 |
RE-7 Non Aqueous reference electrode |
70 |
6 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/Ag+/ACN/TBAP |
|
Ag/Ag+ Reference electrode for CV of Non-Aqueous solvent |
|
A-012043 |
RE-7S Non Aqueous reference electrode |
40 |
4 |
Vycor glass |
Ag/Ag+/ACN/TBAP |
|
Ag/Ag+ Reference electrode for SECM(Scanning Electrochemical microscopy) |
|
A-011831 |
RE-6H Reference electrode Kit available in alkaline solution |
90 |
6 |
Ceramics |
Hg/HgO1M NaOH |
|
Reference electrode Kit available in alkaline solution |
Reference Electrode potentials at 25C°
|
NHE(Normal Hydrogen Electrode) |
0mV |
|
SCE(Saturated Calomel Electrode) |
241mV |
|
SSCE(Sodium Saturated Calomel Electrode) |
236mV |
|
Ag/AgCl(Saturated KCl) |
199mV |
|
Hg/Hg2SO4(Saturated K2SO4) |
640mV |
RE-2C Reference Electrode [Catalog No. A-010385]
|
Developed for the sake of eliminating any influence of chloride ion from
measurements. Consists of mercury, mercury sulfate and saturated potassium
sulfate solution.
Hg2SO4 + 2e = 2Hg + SO42- E0 =
615mV VS NHE(25°C)
|
 |
A-010244 RE-2B
Calomel Reference electrode
Hg2Cl2
+ 2e = 2Hg +2Cl-
E0
= 241mV
VS NHE(25°C) |
A-010386 RE-1C
Silver - silver chloride reference
electrode
AgCl + e = Ag+
+ Cl-
E0
= 199mV
VS NHE(25°C) |
| RE-2B Calomel Reference electrode
and RE-1C Silver - silver chloride
reference electrode have the same
shape as RE-2C. |
RE-7 Non Aqueous reference electrode / RE-7S Non
Aqueous reference electrode
New Non-Aqueous Reference electrode RE-7 and RE-7S as
successors of former Non-Aqueous Reference electrode RE-5
and RE-5S.
To overcome fear of inner electrolyte's evaporation
during their stage or transportation, they are now separated
into the body and the inner electrolyte.
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
A-012042 |
RE-7 Non Aqueous reference
electrode |
A-012043 |
RE-7S Non Aqueous reference
electrode |
|
Contents |
Contents |
| RE-7 Electrolyte
solution |
RE-7 Electrolyte
solution |
| RE-7 Teflon cap
with Ag wire (1 pc) |
RE-7S Teflon cap
with Ag wire (1 pc) |
| Sample holder dia
6mm (1 pc) |
Sample holder dia
6mm for RE-7S (1 pc) |
|
Spare Products |
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
Available to |
|
A-012045 |
RE-7 Electrolyte solution |
 |
RE-7 / RE-7S |
|
A-012059 |
RE-7 Teflon cap with Ag wire |
 |
RE-7 |
|
A-012060 |
RE-7S Teflon cap with Ag wire |
 |
RE-7S |
|
A-010404 |
Sample holder dia 6mm (2 pcs) |
 |
RE-7 |
Supporting Electrolyte Supporting electrolyte is indispensable in
electrochemistry. Following terms should be
taken into account to choose adequate one for
your application:
- Soluble
enough in solvent
- The
potential window is wide
- No
reaction with solvent and sample
Common Support Electrolyte using for organic solvent:
- TMAP: Tetra methl ammonium perchlorate
- TBAF: Tetrabutyl ammonium fluorophosphate
- etc.
Counter electrodes
Please select suitable Counter electrode according to
your application and budget. Customization is also
available. Please do not hesitate to contact us.
|
Catalog No. |
Description |
|
A-010396 |
Pt Counter
Electrode for VC-2 |
|
A-010400 |
5cm Pt Counter
Electrode for VC-3 |
|
A-010401 |
23cm Pt Counter
Electrode (coiled |
|
